Is there evidence to suggest that CBT interventions work

Is there proof to recommend that CBT intercessions work This evaluative report basically audits research put together proof with respect to the adequacy of psychological conduct treatment (CBT) intercessions with regards to Criminal Justice. This includes assessment of various examinations which are a piece of the purported What Works? plan (McGuire, 2005) which expects to lessen reoffending and bolster probation management. It is discovered that the proof for CBT is strong of its utilization however that its adequacy can be subject to a few factors, for example, connection between the probationer and specialist, while CBT projects may veil the genuine troubles which probationers experience. Watchwords Probation, wrongdoer, desistance, social setting, research, what works, proof based practice Presentation This evaluative report fundamentally audits research put together proof with respect to the viability of intellectual conduct treatment (CBT) mediations with regards to Criminal Justice. The guideline of CBT as a mediation is to change the guilty parties perspectives and conduct by utilizing psychological social methods. These strategies center around considering and changing intuition so as to keep away from examples of conduct that can prompt re-irritating (Andrews, 1995). I am at present a Criminal Justice specialist and have picked the job of CBT as a training mediation in probation for a few reasons. The longstanding way to deal with criminal conduct across criminal equity frameworks has been burden by means of the courts of discipline, for example, money related punishment or loss of freedom. While this conveys requital, discipline doesn't really lessen levels of wrongdoing (Hollin, 2002) and an option is guilty party restoration for which there is space for advancement. This methodology looks to realize singular change in the guilty party and to lessen the likliehood of carrying out further wrongdoings. Studies audited are a piece of the supposed What Works? research plan which means to examine how to lessen reoffending and bolster probation oversight. The What Works way to deal with wrongdoer recovery has been expounded on since the 1980s and result assessments show that this methodology may have a little however constructive outcome in lessening reoffending (McGuire and Priestley, 1995). The What Works research writing shows that psychological social intercessions produce the best impact (Vennard, Hedderman and Sugg, 1997; Hollin, 1999; Cooke and Philip, 2000; Redondo, Sanchez-Meca and Garrido, 1999). In strategy terms, probation in Scotland varies extraordinarily from that in England and Wales. This has been because of political, authoritative and social changes which have happened over the most recent thirty years and all the more as of late in 1991, the presentation of 100% subsidizing and National Objectives and Standards (NOS). Considering these issues/factors, the particular inquiry managing the quest for writing Is there proof to propose that CBT intercessions work in trial practice? The quest for proof to address this inquiry included the utilization of databases ASSIA, Planex Cambridge and Discover. Explicit diary databases were additionally counseled utilizing word look. These incorporated The Howard Journal, Probation Journal, Criminology and Criminal Justice Journal and British Journal of Social Work. This pursuit yielded the most fitting and important exploration contemplates relevant to the inquiry. Writing Review This area basically surveys 6 examinations. One reports on a Scottish report inside which administration clients thought about their optimal model of the social laborer (Barry, 2000). Three investigations were subjective (Rex, 1999; McNeill, 2000; and McCulloch, 2005) while the staying two were surveys of writing (Vanstone, 2000; and Stanley, 2009). The proof is looked into under a few key subjects. What adds to the viability of CBT? As a way to deal with working with guilty parties, subjective conduct change presumes that individuals who annoy are formed by their condition and have neglected to secure certain psychological aptitudes or have learned unseemly methods of carrying on, believing is indiscreet and unbending instead of adaptable. Intellectual challenges are found out as opposed to intrinsic in individuals who affront. The quest for adequacy in the conveyance and improvement of network based removals has been seen throughout the most recent three decades. Despite the fact that, there has been progress in what is powerful in supporting desistance from wrongdoing through scientists, experts and government clergymen to carry hypothetical information to rehearse examination, strategy and practice features that information achievement despite everything stays being developed. Perceiving the expansiveness of scholarly and experimental writing in investigating this subject, the audit is intentionally constrained and draws on the viability exploration and desistance writing. Every one of the examinations portray a concise history of What Works in probation. The reason was that psychological social projects would convey decreases of somewhere in the range of 5 and 10 percent in reoffending. The proof for this suggestion depended generally on American and Canadian examination and meta-investigations of moderately little scope contemplates (Lipsey, 1992). Exploration examines proposed that in addition to the fact that prison was insufficient in decreasing recidivism, yet additionally that government assistance ways to deal with wrongdoing decrease was incapable, meddlesome and oppressive (Newburn, 1995: Her Majestys Inspectorate of Probation, 1998). Before the presentation of the NOS in the mid 1990s, little examination into wrongdoers perspectives on management had been embraced preceding the presentation of these Standards, which were educated more by the discoveries from investigation into what works from the scholastic or specialists perspective than by worry with the under tended to idea of what works from the guilty parties perspective. Be that as it may, the what works standards (which advise NOS) are being received all through the different strands of work with guilty parties. Three of these standards are risky with regards to guilty parties sees about oversight which are: chance order, criminogenic necessities and responsivity. A few of the investigations were picked as a feature of this writing audit as they explored laborers and guilty parties perspectives and it will be contended that an increasingly adaptable methodology should be embraced according to these standards before wrongdoers themselves can completely prof it by oversight. Concerning the four examinations completed three included laborers being met through semi-organized meetings (Rex, 1999; McNeill, 2000; and McCulloch, 2005) and one exclusively with probationers (Barry, 2000). Rex and McCullochs concentrates likewise included semi-organized meetings with probationers just as with laborers. The two audits of writing talk about what examination has just been finished. The exploration investigated the attributes of probationers on management, reported the administrations of such oversight in addressing wrongdoers needs and decreasing the danger of further culpable. So as to advance investigative generalisability an arbitrary example was built (Robson, 1993, pp.138-139) to empower proportionate portrayal as far as sexual orientation, age and geology and two of the examinations determined that all the respondents were white. The examinations fluctuated in size: six specialists and 6 probationers (McCulloch, 2005), twelve laborers (McNeill, 2000), sixty-five probationers (Barry, 2000) and sixty probationers and twenty-one laborers (Rex, 1999). The two audits of writing took a gander at various national investigations. This permitted the author to have a wide and shifted accord of adequacy results. Wrongdoers Perspective Over the entirety of the examinations, most of probationers comprehended the motivation behind probation and their officials were looking for, through an assortment of means, to lessen the likliehood of re-irritating. Barely any probationers viewed probation as simply an observing activity, in spite of the fact that the dominant part see was to shield them from culpable over half anticipated that their social laborers should be proactive in helping them to address their issues and for probation to be more useful than rebuffing. According to the individuals who needed assistance with issues or issues, many gathered that not re-insulting was a precondition to accepting such assistance. (Rex, 1999; Barry, 2000; and McCulloch, 2005). There was a general agreement that social laborers couldn't prevent individuals from culpable however could just assist with limiting the dangers through help of a progressively substantial and productive nature. In any event, for those respondents who considered re-culpable to be a chance, there was a larger part see that it was dependent upon the person to shun future culpable. Be that as it may, probationers ascribed changes in their conduct to their administrative encounters was the dynamic and participatory nature of those encounters which was one of the highlights of successful network programs recently recognized by McGuire (1995). Probationers appeared to be mindful of the endeavors required to support a choice to quit affronting and were all the more ready to set out where they felt a guarantee to and emphatically occupied with the administrative relationship. The exploration did is clashing with respect to individual commitment by post trial supervisors. More than 3/4 of probationers alluded to the requirement for post trial agents to exhibit sympathy, and 1/2 announced that their directors capacity to tune in, show intrigue and comprehension empowered them to open up. However, 1/2 likewise said that they acknowledged increasingly formal parts of the administrative relationship, 1/3 found a specific measure of separation accommodating and 1/2 needed to be treated with deference in the feeling of not being judged or disparaged. In demonstrating admiration, experience and information probationers saw their post trial supervisor as paying attention to them, had the option to unveil touchy data and accepted what their post trial supervisors said. About 1/2 of respondents announced that the nature of the relationship with their social laborer wou

Project Management Purpose

Question: What is thepurpose of the undertaking the board plan ? Answer: Presentations The motivation behind the task the executives plan which must be created here is to introduce a guide for dealing with an undertaking including planning and development of a house. The obligation of the advancement of this report lies with the venture administrator. The essential objective of such a task is build up a quality development of the house inside arranged calendar and financial plan. The task the executives plan gives a nitty gritty clarification of connections between various parts and assets of a venture. Venture Overview This venture is about development of a house for which the task the executives plan is set up for dealing with the total pattern of the development venture starting with obtainment of the structure materials, development of the house structure, establishment of required outfitting, inside stooping and establishment of all supplies in the house. The task utilizes PMBOK control as a controlling procedure for making this venture the board plan (A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, 2000). Extension Statements A venture scope articulation characterizes what an undertaking precisely is. This incorporates what administrations and what items are created and how an individual can know when explicit targets of the undertaking can be accomplished. The degree articulations ought to characterize venture limits with the end goal that when the task advances and the extension is broadened past these limits, it very well may be said that the undertaking is confronting varieties from the degree. Venture scope explanations characterize venture targets, expectations, achievements, specialized necessities of development and constraints or avoidances (Billows, 2016).PROJECT OBJECTIVE: To build a high-caliber of a house inside characterized number of months and the use ought not be surpassing a planned sum. Expectations: The expectations incorporate a house whose measurements can be characterized here and this remembers the territory for square foot, size of shower, rooms and the full house. expectations can incorporate a completed carport. Particular Kitchen including usable machines like microwave, dishwasher and more Gas heater with the programmable thermostat.MILESTONES1. Grants endorsement dates2. Dates when the Foundation would be poured3. Dry in time for different exercises like Framing, sheathing, plumbing, electrical, and mechanical inspections4. Last examination datesTECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS1. Nearby construction laws that the developed house must meet can e defined2. Vitality rating standards for windows and entryways can be defined.3. Components for meeting divider protection prerequisites for Exterior of the house and inside the house, for example, roof and floor can be defined.4. Expectations may likewise characterize what size of carport by characterizing what size and number of vehicles it can incorporate inside it5. The Structure which is built should pass the codes of seismic stability.LIMITS AND EXCLUSIONS1. For structure determinations, the first plan gave by the customer could be utilized as the basis2. Proprietors of the venture are liable for landscaping.3. Some gadgets like Refrigerator and forced air system may not be remembered for the provisioned kitchen appliances.4. A pre-wiring for cooling might be included.5. Contractual worker can contract out a portion of the administrations required for development undertaking to sub-temporary workers yet contract based worker would be viewed as liable for the work done by the sub-contractor.6. expectations may likewise incorporate the working time and working days for development laborers Objectives and Objectives This segment of an undertaking the executives plan may initially characterize some essential objectives of the venture and afterward the equivalent would additionally be isolated into venture goals. Undertaking objectives can be: A urban lane at the building site that permits travel of trucks and different vehicles and simultaneously, guarantees that the people on foot stay safe while cruising by. Make a positive atmosphere inside the house with the utilization of good inside designingSpecific Objectives of this task would be: Plan all exercises required for finishing the development of the and draft a similar n documentation Identify necessities for acquirement and build up an arrangement for that Develop a calendar for development venture with explicit achievement dates Identify financial plan and assigned the segments to different assets of the undertaking Establish control measures to guarantee that the task stays inside the imperatives of the spending plan and timetable to make conveyances. Set up chance administration plan for overseeing dangers that may happen on extend and build up a reaction systems for realized cases Procure materials and administrations from contractual workers including temporary workers for outfitting, transporter and inside designerStakeholders and Key PersonnelA partner mapping might be utilized here to distinguish partners, their key qualities and a comprehension of how they would be supporting the task in different manners can be accomplished. Partner mapping replaces subjectivity with the objectivity to such an extent that evaluation procedure can be made straightforward and this straightforwardness would make appraisal forms clear to individuals who might be encouraged to then audit the advancement utilizing proper methodology (Duncan, 1996).There are different strategies accessible that can be utilized for partner mapping, for example, capacity to impact order model, partner desires perceived against key execution territorie s and worth progressions, partner characterization according to the danger and collaboration potential and partner fulfillment appraisal. Different procedures accessible incorporate impact intrigue framework, power-sway network, CLIP examination, power-intrigue lattice, Power, demeanor and intrigue three dimensional grouping.In either instance of the utilization of technique for partner mapping, there would be some regular measurements that can be utilized to comprehend partner connections on account of house development venture and these incorporate intensity of the partner which can be low , medium or high, bolster stretched out by the partner which can be sure negative or impartial, impact that can extend from high to low, intrigue again going from high to low and mentality which can be helpful or destructive.A partner cycle approach might be utilized here to distinguish partners, needs their necessities, envision, draw in them and screen correspondence with them through baseline s reports.Identify Stakeholders: A rundown of partners would be readied and for every one of these partners, two parts of the connections among them and the task would be recognized. This would incorporate their desires from the undertaking and their recognitions about task achievement or disappointment. Further, partners would be characterized based on their bearing of the effect on venture which could be upward, descending, outward, sideward outside or inner. The order should likewise be possible based on numerous partner directions thinking about their privileges, interests, proprietorship, impact, information and commitment. For the house development venture, these partner orders should be possible as follows (Introduction to Project Management: Principles, Techniques and Tools, 2013):Interest The partner would influence the association by taking choices identified with following work: Closure of the site for the utilization of room for people on foot (Stakeholder - Contractor) Safety standards to be utilized by laborers or those passing by the building site (Stakeholder - Government) Investments on venture segments (Stakeholder - SponsorRights Specific privileges of the partners might be ensured, for example, Health and wellbeing of Workers and of Public as partners Payment receipts against the provisional labor accomplished for temporary workers as stakeholdersOwnership A proprietor has the lawful title to certain benefit or property of a task, for example, the undertaking support who holds the rights on the development and the profits.Knowledge This would incorporate particular information that a partner may have, for example, contractual workers who are specialists in their particular administrations like development, transportation thus on.Influence The partner might be affected by the task somehow or another and the individual in question can likewise make an effect on the undertaking results. Workers of the association and tenants of the house would be affected by the development venture while support and primary contractual worker of the task would impact the undertaking decisions.Contribution Different partners can add to the undertaking in various manners. As support adds to extend by providing reserves. A representative adds to extend by utilizing their mastery on venture execution. Providers are liable for providing building materials on location for development and contractual workers would be adding to the undertaking by executing that assignments of development, transportation, structuring thus on.Based on this data, partner would be distinguished for need settings with the end goal that high significance partner is given high need. A need list considering all the venture would be created.Project OrganizationMonitoring and Control MechanismsThe task can utilize standard components for observing and control of activities, for example, hazard the executives, operational preparation and prerequisite following. Undertaking control system re used to recognize occasions on a task that are probably going to postpone the timetable or cause the expenses to go upward of the spending plan. The control measures distinguish varieties in venture calendars and expectations. In the event that venture control isn't set up, at that point it can prompt deviations that further can expand costs or present delays.On the house development venture, a unique quote can be utilized to make the undertaking spending which would fill in as a monetary guide for the task administrator and group. Things that are remembered for the first gauge depend on the evaluations for every class except the demonstration

Do You Have Musical Performance Anxiety

Do You Have Musical Performance Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Do You Have Musical Performance Anxiety? By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on June 24, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Caiaimage/Tom Merton/Getty Images Musical performance anxiety is a type of anxiety experienced by some people with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Musicians who experience this type of anxiety are critical and self-evaluative before, during, and after performances. This negative self-evaluation causes disrupted concentration and a host of physical symptoms that result in performance below the ability of the musician. Why do some musicians experience such debilitating performance anxiety? When musical performance anxiety is experienced as part of SAD, it is likely due to a combination of factors such as innate temperament and negative early performance experiences. In general, researchers have found that females are more likely than males to experience this type of anxiety. Musical Performance Anxiety Statements What does musical performance anxiety feel like? If you experience this fear, the following statements probably sound familiar. Questionnaires with statements similar to these have been used by researchers to examine the thoughts and feelings experienced by people with musical performance anxiety. The harder I work to prepare for a concert, the more likely it seems that I will make a mistake.I worry about a negative reaction from the audience.I have a sense of dread before performances.I worry about performing weeks or months in advance.I never know the night of performance whether or not I will do well.There are times during performances when I wonder if I will make it through. Problematic thinking is often at the root of musical performance anxiety. Thoughts such as My performance needs to be perfect or I am a complete failure or I had a good performance tonight but I must have just been lucky, create and maintain anxiety. Below are some common thought distortions that may be contributing to your anxiety about performing. Black or white thinking: If my performance isnt perfect, I am a failure.Overgeneralization:I had a bad performance tonight; I have always been a bad performer and always will be.Mental filter:Everyone must have noticed how I messed up in the middle; it doesnt matter that the rest was OK, my mistake ruined the performance.Disqualifying the positive: I had a good performance tonight but I must have just been lucky.Jumping to conclusions: The audience was really quiet tonight, they must not have liked my performance. Treatments When musical performance anxiety is part of SAD, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with a trained therapist can be helpful to identify cognitive distortions and work towards more positive thought patterns. In addition, behavioral therapy interventions such as cue-controlled relaxation, systematic desensitization, progressive muscle relaxation, and breathing techniques may help to reduce anxiety when performing. Although cognitive and behavioral interventions can be successful on their own, pairing these treatments with medication may reduce anxiety more quickly and effectively. Medications such as beta blockers can be helpful to manage anxiety symptoms during performances. Beta-blockers such as Inderal (propranolol) taken before a performance reduce symptoms of anxiety such as increased heart rate, shaking and sweating. In addition to beta blockers, benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be helpful in managing musical performance anxiety. If you are a musician dealing with severe performance anxiety, it is important to get help. Although some anxiety about performing is normal and may even enhance your performance, excessive anxiety is neither helpful nor inevitable. There are options to overcome your fears and reach your full potential as a musician, but you need to make it a priority to get your anxiety under control.

The Aging Population On The Delivery Of Healthcare

â€Å"Baby-boomers† is a term that most healthcare professionals and students are quite familiar with. The term often relates to health care because many of the individuals in this group are beginning to seek care because of long term illnesses associated with aging. Therefore, it is vital for healthcare professionals to understand the significance of the term â€Å"baby-boomers†. In fact, by the year 2030, one in five people will be over the age of 65 and in 2050, that number will be close to 90 million older adults, which is two times the number compared to 2010 (CDC, 2013). The aging population in America is just one of the nine forces that influence health care and nursing management. This paper will summarize the influence of the aging†¦show more content†¦Thus, the complexity of caring for older adults requires immense interdisciplinary collaboration. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013), older adults are at risk for adverse occurrences when they see multiple providers because they are likely to hear inconsistent medical advice, acquire adverse medication reactions, undergo repeated or similar tests, and receive unnecessary hospital stays (p.6). When an older adult enters a healthcare facility, there are many factors that need to be addressed that may not be as prevalent in a younger population of people; some of these factors include a history of falls, hearing or vision difficulties, and other comorbidities. Although, these conditions may be prevalent in younger adults, they are specifically common in this age group due to the normal process of aging. Many hospitals have implemented several precautions to help protect the aging population and prevent adverse events from occurring. For example, to prevent falls, there has been an increase in the use of physical therapy, safety socks, and performing medications reviews (Blalock, Gildner, Jones, Bowling, Casteel, 2016). Other precautions may include the use of colored fall precaution wrist bands and information on electronic charting systems to easily identify those patients who are at risk. Nursing Managements Implications According to Kelly Tazbir (2014), there are two nursing implications when caring for aging adults with chronicShow MoreRelatedDisease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Services Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesDisease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Services Final Project Axia college 1/15/2012 Many health care professional have great concerns about the growth of the aging population, chronic disease and the epidemic of obesity, and how will the United States healthcare system prepared for this continuing epidemic. 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President Lyndon B. Johnson s Great Society - 1248 Words

-War on Poverty As part of president Lyndon B. Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society†, which focused on improving the quality of life among all Americans, he initiated the War on Poverty during the 1960s. The War on Poverty was built by using government funding to improve poverty-stricken areas of the country and to start â€Å"...a new food stamp program, giving poor people greater choice in obtaining food, and rent supplements that provided alternatives to public housing projects for some poor families.(Roark, Pg.936). Johnson also focused in improving education for children and also job training for adults. In addition, two major programs were produced after The War on Poverty was established, which were Medicare and Medicaid. These programs helped†¦show more content†¦As Malcolm X continued to encourage individual black power, his ideology gained many followers, especially amongst poor African American city folk. Eventually, Malcolm X’s ideas were being adopted by major c ivil rights groups such as SNCC and CORE. Overall, Malcolm X was significant for his contributions to the civil rights movement by preaching about black nationalism. (Roark, Pg.946) - AIM AIM, or American Indian Movement, was established by two Native Americans, Dennis Banks and George Mitchell, in order to resolve issues in urban areas where Native Americans lived and â€Å"...protect Indians from police harassment, secure antipoverty funds, and establish ‘survival schools’ to teach Indian history and values.†(Roark, Pg.947). Influenced by the countless civil rights movements occurring in 1960s America, Native Americans saw this as an opportunity to reclaim their natural rights and heritage as they once had before Europeans had civilized the United States. AIM sought justice for their cause through occupying land that their ancestors had previously owned and taking their complaints to the government. Eventually, the efforts of AIM payed off and Native Americans â€Å"...won the end of relocation and termination policies, greater tribal sovereignty and control over community services, protection of Indian religious practices, and a measure of res pect and pride.†(Roark, Pg. 948). AIM was historically significant since the movement

Nike Sweatshop Free Essays

Trust Nikkei Inc. , the sports apparel multinational company has been under suspicion and scrutiny for their practice of the unfair treatment and negligent labor habits In their offshore factories. They have been criticized for human rights abuse, child labor law violations, as well as minimum wages and trade union relations violations within a number of Asian countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Sweatshop or any similar topic only for you Order Now They subsequently misguided the public in an attempt to make one believe there is no substance to the allegations of their involvement. The abusive and exploitative treatment and working conditions In these factories has been touted as Inhumane In nature as well as an Implored violation of worker’s human rights (Figure 1). Some of the most common abuses being Imposed upon their workers were insufficient pay (Figure 2), inferior and hazardous working conditions, below standard living conditions and long grueling hours away from their families and home. In 2000 more than 11,000 sweatshops violated minimum wage and overtime laws. This type of behavior brings to question their ability to gain trust thin their company amongst their employees, their investors, and the public. This hinges on one aspect of Interpersonal behavior found In Nine’s sweatshops. By definition, trust is a culture of transparent communication which forms a foundation for building relationships. A sense of safety and the level of comfort when it comes to interpersonal interaction; this pervades a workplace that should developed and nurture a culture of trust (About. Com). NIKKEI Inc. Pays Tiger Woods enough money that he could purchase a house In the slums of Indonesia every second, while it pays heir factory workers low wages. It takes a worker In Indonesia work roughly 9. 5 years to make what Tiger makes In one round of golf Figure 3 shows the hourly wage for a Nikkei factory worker in Indonesia is $0. 34 an hour, which comes up to roughly $23. 80 a week per worker. This barely gives workers enough wages to cover their daily needs , versus $925. 00 per week for a comparable job in the United States. From an equity theory stance, this could lead to mistrust for Nine’s underpaid workers. Nine’s blatant unwillingness early on to be fair and Just In establishing equal pay for equal ark clearly would give their workers a sense of mistrust by taking advantage of not only the economic hardships within the country In which they’ve set up shop: but also by underrepresented what would be considered a â€Å"fair† wage if Nine’s factory had been established in the United States. According to Greenberg the equity theory states, â€Å"People are motivated to maintain, equitable relationships between themselves and others and to avoid those relationships that are inequitable†. According to an AM Broadcast (201 3), unions In Indonesia say at least six Nikkei- contracted factories have applied to be exempt from paying an Increases to the minimum wage rate. According to Jim Keyed, founder of Educating for Justice, â€Å"this is a clear violation of Nine’s code of conduct and in a more general sense; the minimum wage is a poverty wage alone. To pay less than the minimum wage I Just think absolutely runs counter to Nine’s public claims that they care about the welfare of their workers and they want to see them have decent lives. Nikkei has also been accused of using deplorable tactics and coercion to force workers to produce Nine’s defiant workers. If an employee doesn’t do what is asked of them, they are whipped, eaten, killed, threatened at gun point, and subjected to search and seizure tactics within their homes. In any environment, work related or otherwise, where there is such brutality, an employee’s emotional state and lack of positive motivation invites vulnerability, both internal as well as externally prohibiting those involved in any attempt at establishing trust. Typical in any relationship, as it applies to working conditions, when one person perceives that management and/or the organization does not place a vested interest in their wellbeing equal to the organization itself, there is breach in confidence and trust. Corporate Responsibility: The pyramid of corporate social responsibility is composed of four types of responsibilities: Philanthropic, Ethical, Legal and Financial. According to Greenberg, â€Å"To be socially responsible, companies must meet the four types of responsibilities (2013). Nikkei has portrayed its sweatshop allegations as more of a crime against public relations rather than face that they’ve violated the factory workers’ human rights. Their strategic decision has been to mislead the public. They have avoided addressing key issues regarding wages, forced overtime and suppression of workers’ eight to freedom of association. This has led credence to civil and human rights groups to be Justifiably correct in treating Nikkei with suspicion. NIKKEI, Inc. ‘s code of ethics for all employees called, Inside the Lines, addresses the expectations of Nines’ employees. It clearly defines the expectations of its employees to follow and include a range of topics regarding: employee activity, ethical behavior, product safety, legal compliance, competition and use of resources. Nine’s code of conduct specifically addresses and places emphasis on the conduct of contractors that manufacture Nikkei-branded products. It directs them to respect the rights of their employees and promises to provide workers with a safe and healthy work environment. Nine’s code of conduct states, â€Å"Nine’s good name and reputation result in large part from our collective actions. That means the work-related activities of every employee must reflect standards of honesty, loyalty, trustworthiness, fairness, concern for others and accountability. We are expected to be sensitive to any situations that can adversely impact Nine’s reputation and are expected to use good Judgment and common sense in the way we all conduct business. This Code of Ethics applies to Nikkei and its subsidiaries worldwide† (Nikkei, 2009). Yet, Nine’s actions go completely against their policy regarding ethics and conduct. A clear violation of trust, as well as under- minding the responsibility of a reputable corporation to do what is morally and ethically right. It wasn’t until the brutal working conditions, and intimidation tactics against these factory workers were exposed and Nine’s corporate image was at stake. Price Waterholes Coopers (PWS), an independent monitoring firm hired by NIKKEI Inc to conduct interviews and surveys of the overseas factories. The interviews with Nine’s factory workers lasted approximately 7 to 10 minutes each. The venue in which the interviews were conducted were not in a private setting where workers could express themselves openly, which was intimidating at best. In 1999, a worker in an Indonesia factory stated, that PWS or NIKKEI interviewed three line workers, the supervisors knew who the workers were and approached them after the interview to try to discover what they had disclosed. Clear violation of trust, workers could not workers to express themselves without reprisal. As you can see in the chart labeled Figure 4, Nikkei revenue sales were impact after the Nikkei scandal broke. While it appears revenue sales are beginning to incline there was a definite dip, which more than likely can be attributed to the scandal regarding Nine’s business practices and treatment toward factory workers abroad as opposed to that of workers in the United States. NIKKEI sales are on the rise due to endorsements form Derek Jester ( New York Yankees), Eddie Jones (Miami Heat), Vince Carter (Toronto Raptors) and of course, Michael Jordan. Also, they have almost fixed the labor problems worldwide that have bothered them for years. Therefore, Nikkei is moving in the right direction to regain corporate social trust. Recommendations: Build Trust Improve Corporate Responsibility From an ethical and corporate responsibility standpoint Nikkei should understand that they have obligation not only to their employees but to consumers as well to live up to the ethos they embody. Building trust amongst and commitment amongst their employees is vital to improving their corporate image. Enhancing their social image could attract more customers and investors, therefore provide positive benefits while creating a working environment that where employees feel safe, expected and valued will promote productivity and positive cash flow for the company. For example, to improve its public image, Nikkei could do the following: Establish a team to perform audits or inspection of facilities. Actively invest in the education of their overseas workers and/or their children to ensure they are taught valuable skills to better themselves. Offer opportunities for upward mobility. Create scholarships for the children of these families who have demonstrated the want to better themselves (this will do wonders to build credibility between Nikkei and the employee). Provide better health care for offshore workers possibly for a minimal fee so that the coverage is equivalent to that which is offered to their counter parts in the United States. Directly invest money into the surrounding communities (this will foster a sense of goodwill as well as increasing the number of qualified applicants for positions that need to be filled). Connect employees to financial services that can aid in providing relief and resources to help with obtaining adequate and habitable housing. Establish partnerships with non-profit organizations that promote the embodiment of humanity. Would do well to implement lessons learned or post- assessment process to address or curtail future issues before they get out of hand. Conduct forums which allow for the exchanging of ideas between the workers and management (this will create a sense of commitment and belonging). Ensure that a percentage of the supervisors and managers come from the host nation (this should help to establish trust and alleviate cultural tension). Nikkei has a corporate responsibility to all stakeholders. Engaging in one or more of these suggestions could position them well on their way to be viewed as a company that cares for its rockers, appreciates its customers, respects its shareholders and its workers, as well as, is committed to society. The majority of the recommendations listed here are feasible. It will require NIKKEI to invest in its employees. How to cite Nike Sweatshop, Papers

Production Planning for Operational - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theProduction Planningfor Operational Management. Answer: Introduction The paper reflects on production planning in context to operational management in order to analyze its importance. According to Salomon (2013) production planning is defined as a procedure that is utilized for planning both productions as well as manufacturing modules within a company. Production planning is generally integrated within an organization for achieving efficient, effective as well as economical operation within the manufacturing unit. However, production planning also has several challenges, which must be resolved for having effective operation within an organization (Fitouhi and Nourelfath 2014). The problems include product cutback scheduling problem, process mix problem, basic scheduling problem and more. The main objective of this paper is to reflect the importance of production planning in relation with operational management and to elaborate the processes that are helpful in resolving the challenges for acquiring proper production management within an organization. In this assignment, various literatures are reviewed for elaborating the significance of production planning in context to operations management. The paper highlights the problem that production planning mainly faces and the procedures that are helpful in resolving the challenges by utilizing proper production management. Literature Review According to Gould et al. (2016) Production Planning is defined as a process that helps in fixing the goals of production for estimating the resources which are needed for achieving the goals of the organization. It helps in preparing a detailed plan, which is generally needed in order to achieve the goals of production efficiently, economically, as well as in time. It generally helps in forecasting each of the steps that is associated with the production process. It also assists in forecasting the challenges that generally rises in the production procedure. On the other hand, it is stated by Wang and Yeh (2014) operations management mainly involves in designing, controlling as well as overseeing the procedures of production in order to redesign business operations for producing proper goods and services. It is identified that the function of operations management generally varies with the purposes as well as objectives of the organization. Importance of Production Planning and Operations Management It is stated by Gong and Zhou (2013) that production is referred as a scientific procedure that is generally involves transformation of various types of raw material into appropriate products as well as services by adding appropriate economic value. Production planning as well as control system is generally integrated for effective, efficient as well as for achieving economical operations within the organization. On the other hand, it is opined by Zmijewski, Bottacin and Worman (2016) that production planning generally follows certain adoptions for product designing as well as finalizing. It is analyzed that before the actual procedure of production takes place, the activity of production planning is performed. It assists in determining proper sequence of operations, economic batch quantities, dispatching proper priorities and scheduling appropriate production. It is also considered as a coordinating agent, which assists in co-coordinating various activities of purchasing, production as well as engineering (Esteban Diaz and Handl 2015). It is identified that proper production planning system is quite helpful in providing better as well as much more economical towards the customers. The importance of production planning include better service to the customers, fewer rush orders, better control of inventory, effective use of equipment, reduces idle time, helps in improving the plant morale, assists in creating proper public image and also helps in lowering the capital requirements. According to Da Peidro and Mula (2015), Operation management generally refers to the administration of business practices for creating highest level of efficiency within a business organization. It mainly helps in converting raw materials as well as labor into proper goods and services effectively for maximizing the profit of an organization. Operations management generally take the attempt to balance both cost as well as revenue for achieving proper amount of profit. On the other hand, it is stated by Sucic et al.(2016) that operation management helps in identifying various needs of the customer in order to convert it properly into specific product or services. It is analyzed that depending on product requirement, it generally helps in identifying various required raw materials (Esteban and Handl 2015). The operations management also helps in engaging with both external as well as internal vendors for creating proper supply chain for both finished goods as well as raw material betwe en vendor, customers as well as production facility. Challenges Faced by Production Planning Production planning faces number of challenges which include loading, process planning, as well as scheduling. According to Mohammadi, Soleymani and Mozafari (2014), once the route of work is created then the work that is needed can be loaded with the help of proper selected machine as well as workstations. The total time that is needed for performing the entire operation is generally computed with the help of multiplication. On the other hand, it is opined by Parisio and Glielmo (2013) that scheduling is considered as one of the main functions of planning which helps in determining the duration of time that is needed in order to complete the task. Other key factor that generally helps in affecting the production planning include forecasting the expectations of the market, inventory control, availability of human resource as well as proper equipment, Processes for Resolving the Challenges of Production Planning It is analyzed that the most common problem that production planning faces is related with scheduling. It is identified that the problem of scheduling can be resolved by adopting some important steps. According to Li, Li and Feng (2014), the nature of shift that is used in organization is volatile and each of the staff brings their schedule as well as list of day when they are unable to work. In order to resolve the problem, juggling shifts is considered as one of the important step. On the other hand, it is stated by Esteban and Handl (2015) that employee availability is very much important this is because in the absence of an individual it is very much difficult to replace other individual. It is opined by Gong and Zhou (2013), that proper times between rotations are very much important. It is analyzed that it is considered as one of the best practice to have at least 12 hours gap between shifts. The other problems that are associated with production planning can be resolved by ado pting proper strategies. Evaluation According to (Fitouhi and Nourelfath 2014), predicting proper future of production planning is very much difficult. It is analyzed that technology plays an important role in the manufacturing unit in the coming future but it creates number of controversies among people. One of the most important ways that reflects that thing will change is with the help of automation. It is identified that number of facilities are helpful in upgrading the line of production with proper equipments that helps in producing improper involvement of the employees. On the other hand, it is stated by that programmable machines are generally utilized for producing numerous types of products which helps in providing excellent choices for both the laborers as well as domestic manufactures (Esteban and Handl 2015). As this type of innovation rises up noticeably less expensive as well as more available, manufacturing plants are generally dependent on these mixes of robots and PC. This helped machines to deliver differing products with high effectiveness. It is stated by Gong and Zhou (2013) that rather than having physically deciding arrangements, programming will have the capacity to complete it in a second and then transmit that calendar straightforwardly to the machines that are on the manufacturing plant floor. Productions lines will change for delivering diverse items without the impedance of human personnel. It will likewise have the capacity to robotize dispatching and sorting capacities. It is opined by Parisio and Glielmo (2013) that the capability of changing over product can also mean that more products are generally customized for meeting various demands of the customers. For example, rather than picking among a few pre-selected paint colors, an auto purchaser would be able to make their new auto's exceptional shade. Software will have the capacity to take that request and straightforwardly modify the sprayer machine on the industrial facility floor to coordinate the client's demand. It is analyzed that it also requires proper software system that is incapable of controlling the facility of the equipment. The software need is very much helpful in precisely controlling of the factory Zmijewski, Bottacin and Worman 2016). The capacity to change over generation rapidly implies that numerous more items will have the capacity to be modified to take care of individual client demand. It is also identified that automation will never again be important to track tremendous quantities of representatives, yet planning support and imperatives will turn out to be basically essential for an organization to control expenses and remain aggressive. Conclusions It can be concluded from the overall assignment that production planning plays an important role in managing various operations of the organization. Production planning is generally integrated within an organization for achieving efficient, effective as well as economical operation within the manufacturing unit. However, production planning also has several challenges, which must be resolved for having effective operation within an organization. The problems include product cutback scheduling problem, process mix problem, basic scheduling problem and more. The problems that are related with production planning can solved be adopting strategies factor that generally helps in affecting the production planning include forecasting the expectations of the market, inventory control, availability of human resource as well as proper equipment. It is analyzed that that nature of shift that is used in organization is volatile and each of the staff brings their schedule as well as list of day w hen they are unable to work. In order to resolve the problem, juggling shifts is considered. References Daz-Madroero, M., Peidro, D. and Mula, J., 2015. A review of tactical optimization models for integrated production and transport routing planning decisions.Computers Industrial Engineering,88, pp.518-535. Esteban Diaz, J. and Handl, J., 2015. Implicit and Explicit Averaging Strategies for Simulation-Based Optimization of a Real-World Production Planning Problem.Informatica (03505596),39(2). Esteban Diaz, J. and Handl, J., 2015. Implicit and Explicit Averaging Strategies for Simulation-Based Optimization of a Real-World Production Planning Problem.Informatica (03505596),39(2). Fitouhi, M.C. and Nourelfath, M., 2014. Integrating noncyclical preventive maintenance scheduling and production planning for multi-state systems.Reliability Engineering System Safety,121, pp.175-186. Gong, X. and Zhou, S.X., 2013. Optimal production planning with emissions trading.Operations Research,61(4), pp.908-924. Gould, O., Simeone, A., Colwill, J., Willey, R. and Rahimifard, S., 2016. A material flow modelling tool for resource efficient production planning in multi-product manufacturing systems.Procedia CIRP,41, pp.21-26. Li, C.B., Li, P. and Feng, X., 2014. Analysis of wind power generation operation management risk in China.Renewable Energy,64, pp.266-275. Mohammadi, S., Soleymani, S. and Mozafari, B., 2014. Scenario-based stochastic operation management of microgrid including wind, photovoltaic, micro-turbine, fuel cell and energy storage devices.International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems,54, pp.525-535 Parisio, A. and Glielmo, L., 2013, July. Stochastic model predictive control for economic/environmental operation management of microgrids. InControl Conference (ECC), 2013 European(pp. 2014-2019). IEEE. Salomon, M., 2013.Deterministic lotsizing models for production planning(Vol. 355). Springer Science Business Media. Salomon, M., 2013.Deterministic lotsizing models for production planning(Vol. 355). Springer Science Business Media. Sucic, B., Al-Mansour, F., Pusnik, M. and Vuk, T., 2016. Context sensitive production planning and energy management approach in energy intensive industries.Energy,108, pp.63-73. Wang, S.C. and Yeh, M.F., 2014. A modified particle swarm optimization for aggregate production planning.Expert Systems with Applications,41(6), pp.3069-3077 Zmijewski, N., Bottacin-Busolin, A. and Wrman, A., 2016. Incorporating hydrologic routing into reservoir operation models: Implications for hydropower production planning.Water resources management,30(2), pp.623-640.

7 Reasons to Enroll a Child in an Online Elementary School

7 Reasons to Enroll a Child in an Online Elementary School Every year, hundreds of parents pull their kids out of traditional schools and enroll them in virtual programs. How do online elementary schools benefit children and their families? Why are parents so eager to remove their kids from the system that has worked for decades? Here are some of the most common reasons: 1. An online school gives kids the freedom to work on developing their passions. Two decades ago, primary school children were given little no homework. Now, students often return from school with hours of worksheets, drills, and assignments to complete. Many parents complain that students aren’t given the opportunity to focus on their own talents: learning an instrument, experimenting with science, or mastering a sport. Parents of online students often find that students are able to complete their assignments faster when they don’t have the distraction of peers to hold them back. Many online students are able to finish their coursework in the early afternoon, leaving many hours for kids to develop their own passions.​ 2. Online schools allow kids to get away from bad situations. Difficult situations with bullying, bad teaching, or a questionable curriculum may make school a struggle. Parents certainly don’t want to teach their kids to run away from a bad situation. However, some parents find that enrolling their child in an online school can be good for both their learning and their emotional health. 3. Families are able to spend more time together after enrolling their kids in online school. Hours of class, after-school tutoring, and extracurricular activities are leaving many families with no time to spend together (aside from homework tantrums). Online schooling lets kids complete their studies and still spend quality time with their loved ones. 4. Many online schools help kids work at their own pace. One of the drawbacks of traditional classrooms is that teachers must design their instruction to meet the needs of the students in the center. If your child is struggling to understand a concept, he may be left behind. Likewise, if your child is unchallenged, he may have to sit bored and uninspired for hours while the rest of the class catches up. Not all online schools let students work at their own pace, but a growing number provide students with the flexibility to get extra help when they need it or move ahead when they don’t. 5. Online schools help students to develop independence. By their nature, online schools require students to develop the independence to work on their own and the responsibility to complete assignments by the deadline. Not all students are up for the challenge, but kids that develop these skills will be better prepared for completing further education and joining the workforce. 6. Online schools help students develop technology skills. Technology skills are essential in almost every field and there’s no way for students to learn online without developing at least some of these essential abilities. Online learners tend to become proficient with internet communication, learning management programs, word processors, and online conferencing. 7. Families have a greater educational choice when they are able to consider online schools. Many families feel like they are stuck with few educational options. There may be only a handful of public and private schools within driving distance (or, for rural families, there may only be a single school). Online schools open up an entirely new set of choices for concerned parents. Families can choose from state-run online schools, more independent virtual charter schools, and online private schools. There are schools designed for young actors, gifted learners, struggling students, and more. Not all schools will break the bank, either. Publicly-funded online schools allow students to learn without charge. They may even provide resources like laptop computers, learning supplies, and internet access.

Phoenix program essays

Phoenix program essays The above stated quote is a direct definition of the Central Intelligence Agencies Phoenix Program. The Phoenix Program was one of our nations dirty secrets that still has not been fully uncovered. Yes there is declassified written information, and oral accounts but there is still much information that has been either destroyed, or people who have been directly told not to say a word about the events that happened during the time period of the Phoenix Program. It was a program that many people feel was wrong to impliment but I feel that it was necessary. The Vietnam Conflict was meant to be a conventional conflict but in times of need you must become unconvetional and become primative, and strike at the source of the enemy, not the Viet Cong or the North Vietnam Army but the people who supported them the Viet Cong Infrastructure. These people were the tax collectors, and the recruitors. With these people being taking prisoner, or being killed. These things were killings that n eeded to happen in order to destroy the enemy at the heart of there operations. Many Americans believe that this was wrong killing civilians and that it was against the Geneva Conventions but it was a necessary operation. I firmly belive that if the Phoenix Program was able to have been kept in total seceracy it could have changed the total outcome of the Vietnam Conflict. In this paper I will show evidence of how the Phoenix Program worked, its infrastructure, and the death of the Phoenix Program. ...

The environmental impacts of Los Angeles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The environmental impacts of Los Angeles - Essay Example The environmental impacts of Los Angeles Los Angeles is one of the most densely polluted countries of the world. Pollution has literally damaged the entire city in such a way that its impact is very obvious. Tourism is an essential part of Los Angeles economy. Los Angeles is one of those countries that are a major tourist attraction; Los Angeles has the honor of housing the home of all legendary actors that is Hollywood. From amazing shopping malls to Hollywood and an amazing blend of various restaurants, Los Angeles offers everything that a tourist wants during vacations. While travelling the quality and the atmosphere of the environment go hand in hand. The environment is made up of natural as well as manmade things which together build up the tourism in a state. The relation between tourism and environment tends to get very tangling at times. The effects of tourism are very controversial. At times they can be helpful in generating revenue for the state resulting in a fruitful economy and on the contrary it can damage and dent the citys environmental condition resulting in a disaster which can damage countries natural resources. Tourism leads to the development of the place with the construction of roads, parks, malls, resorts, restaurants, hotel, golf courses, and airports etc. which eventually build up the infrastructure of a place. "The notion of a tourism system is extremely important when we start to consider the notion of impacts.

Divorce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Divorce - Research Paper Example Such considerations are children support as well as custody, bread winners, old adults in the family, family resources among other issues, family debt. The thesis statement is: occurrences as well as effects of divorce can be minimized. The work describes several activities meant to ease divorce victims, more so children and old adults who may depend on other family members for financial and emotional supports among other needs. The work describes the role of specialists like psychologists among other professionals. The work finally describes activities that could help reduce divorce cases and mitigate its effects. There is a high rate of divorce cases in the current generation; statistically about 40% of US populations are divorced. These high rates are triggered by current economic and social set up in the community. We live in an era where most spouses spent more time in their job places than they spend with their married partners. Research indicates that there are several reasons or causes of divorce. This may vary depending on the social, cultural, religious and economic status of a certain country. However, the common reasons why legally married couples opt to legally end their marriage relationship include; Getting married for indefinite reasons. One may be attracted to his or her spouse just because of a certain commodity or personality like money, authority or even some favors. Once he or she has attained the need, the marriage is brought to an end. Lack personal identity has seen many couples separate their ways. One spouse may pretend in a certain marriage for quite a long time, but the moment his or real identity is revealed such marriages is ended. Other marriage arguments are triggered the moment one or both spouse forget their roles in the family. Some agencies contradict the issue of increased divorce rates, according to their findings; divorce is on decrease trend due to increase in registered bachelors and spinsters. Divorce comes with several negative effects more so to children and old adults in the society. Statistics indicates that about a million American children undergo financial and emotional frustrations due to divorce. Children whose parents are divorced are likely to be abused which interferes with their normal behaviors, health and emotions. Researches indicate that such children are likely to commit suicides or abuse their children in the future due to the frustrations they are subjected to. Majority of the children may abuse drugs at tender age for an attempt to kill the pains and frustrations they are subjected to (Greef, 2004). Their academic performances are likely to deteriorate due to reduced or lack of concentrations in their academics. Several children department reports indicate that majority of college or university drop outs are from divorced families. Financial degradation is an effect that not only affects the children but even the adults. In families where one spouse is the family bread winner, the other spouse may be financially impaired once such divorce is legalized. Children may be forced to drop out of school due to lack of financial support. Such children get frustrated and several studies reveal that they are likely to be involved in criminal acts like robbery and rape among other activities. Old adults on the other hand suffer a great deal from divorce cases. They undergo financial, emotional as well social setbacks from divorce. Despite the

Feasibility Study

Feasibility Study Discuss the Components of a feasibility report. Consider the following types of Feasibility: 1. Feasibility Study The Feasibility study is a study of possible alternate solutions to a problem and a recommendation on the best alternative. (Randall, B. et. al, 2010) It can decide whether a process be carried out by a new system more efficiently than the existing one. 1.1. Economic feasibility: Economic Feasibility study is the study which are related to cost benefit exploration of the project/software. For example staff cost, testing cost. This feasibility assess the efficiency of an prevailing system. (SHARMA, 2014) This types of study that are generally considered tasks as they may benefit more than other’s from computerization and non-functional characteristics such as the time delay between the real world and the different parts of the system. The system costs should also be estimated in terms of basic resources of money, people and time 1.2. Technical Feasibility: The main purpose of a technical feasibility study is to identify if a certain plan of action is feasible—that is, will it work? A technical feasibility assessment should be applied to all projects being considered in order to better comprehend if the project can be done â€Å"technically† and if it can be done â€Å"here and now.† Furthermore, the early stages of technical analysis will help recognize areas of fortes and weakness in the proposed project so that we know where to direct further thought, planning, resources or assistance. (Kersnaghan, 2012) 1.3. Operational Feasibility This study investigates the factors such as the probable reaction of employees to the project and other proposed organizational changes that may occur by implementing this software. Also Operational feasibility refers to how well a planned system solves the problems of the project and how well it works at using the opportunities of the project. Operational feasibility is therefore one of the key elements of a feasibility study. (Wells, 2014) For example, if the employee are happy with the proposed system and find out no reason to change then there may be a high degree of resistance to the new system. Relevant factors here concern if the project has general management support and whether or not the users have been involved in the development of the proposal. 1.4. Time Feasibility Time feasibility deals to find out if the given project could be completed within the given time phase or not. This study can help mitigate the risk that a project is wasting its time. Furthermore it helps us to do the project orderly and clearly. (Technology.blurtit.com, 2014) Time Viability study helps to identify the various constraints on the project schedule and whether they could be reasonably met, so that letter there would not be any problem to meet the project goal. (Giorgini, 2003) 1.5. Legal Feasibility Legal feasibility study defines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g. a Data Processing system must comply with the local Data Protection Acts. When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage (John, 2014). It also determine whether the proposed project conflicts with legal requirements such as known Acts, Statutes, or any pending legislation. (Newnorthafrica.com, 2014) 1.6. Social Feasibility This feasibility deals to check if the designed system will be satisfactory with the people or not. This assumption would in general examine the probability that the project would have to be acknowledged by the group of people that are directly affected by the Designed system. (Newnorthafrica.com, 2014) 1.7. Management Feasibility The management feasibility study would determine the organizational chart and qualification of the people involved. It checks if the staff of the organization are capable of running and maintaining the designed system. References John, J. 2014.System Analysis and Design-Feasibility Analysis. [online] Available at: http://www.learnsad.com/Feasibility.html [Accessed: 14 Oct 2013]. Kersnaghan, S. 2012. Technical Feasibility Assessments.Climate Resiliance Framework, 3 Newnorthafrica.com. 2014.Economic, legal, social, and technical feasibility study | NEWNORTHAFRICA. [online] Available at: http://www.newnorthafrica.com/feasibility/ [Accessed: 13 Oct 2013]. SHARMA, A. 2014.Economic Feasibility ~ All Computer Topics. [online] Available at: http://allcomputertopics.blogspot.com/2013/02/economic-feasibility.html [Accessed: 2 Apr 2013]. Technology.blurtit.com. 2014.What is purpose of scheduling? Blurtit. [online] Available at: http://technology.blurtit.com/3251022/what-is-purpose-of-scheduling [Accessed: 3 Oct 2013]. Wells, A. 2014.What Is An Operational Feasibility Study? Blurtit. [online] Available at: http://business.blurtit.com/855874/what-is-an-operational-feasibility-study [Accessed: 2 Sep 2013]. Task 2: Assess the impact of different feasibility criteria on a system investigation. 2. Impact of Feasibility Study 2.1. Impact due to Technology The technical aspect explores—if the project feasibility is within the limits of current technology available within the organization and does the technology exist at all, or is available within given resource constraints (i.e., total cost and time constraint of the project). In the technical feasibility of the Himalayan Library the various requirements of the organization, such as, (I) various input device required to run the project (II) Output devices required to produce the output (III) The availability of processing devices in the organization. This analysis helps in the future to run the program to achieve the full advantages. This deals us to find out various aspects like Assuming that technology required is applicable, is it available in the current market. If the technology is already available in the organization, does it support to handle the solution? In case the technology is not available in, can it be acquired? 2.2. Economic Impact The economic feasibility of the system helps the organization to allot if the implementation of the program is worthwhile. As soon as specific requirements and solutions have been identified we can weigh the costs and benefits of each alternative. This Feasibility study helps to find out the following aspect: Return On investment (ROI) at what period of time does the system start to return the initial investment Payback Period (PP) time required to generate sufficient cash flow to recover its initial cost. 2.3. Operational Impact Assessing this feasibility is to gain an understanding of if the proposed system will likely to solve the business problems, or take benefit of the opportunities or not. It is important to understand how the new system will fit into the current day to day processes of the organization. By analyzing this aspect we could find out if the staff present in the organization are able to run the given system. Then they would be able to make the decision to hire new technical staff or to give the trainings to the staff. 2.4. Social Impact It takes in consideration whether the current work practices and procedures support a new system and social factors of how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. 2.5. Legal Impact This feasibility also has the major role in the development process. It determines if there are any restriction of the law in the process of development of the proposed software. If any permission is to be taken in order to develop the system then we could find out in this phase. 2.6. Managerial Impact After implementation does the organization have qualified manpower to run the program? Do we have to give additional trainings? These are the main aspect that come under this feasibility study. It helps to identify the capabilities of the employee. Beside that the main aspect it deals with is does the software helps in managing the daily activities of the organization. Conclusion The feasibility study is relevant to the determination of if there should be any further plans implemented. The conclusion might be either the project does not successfully serve the needs of the organization or the conclusions of the study might be positive. In this case the study provides with a clear understanding of what the project to be developed needs in terms of modification, cost, profit, risk, and time. The feasibility study them serves two functions: The study makes the evaluation of the total cost required for funding the project. The result of the study may give the inputs for the project to be implemented Task 3: Undertake a systems investigation to meet the business need. Consider the following aspects during investigation: 3.1. Product Description Library Management system for the Himalayan Library is the computerized system which helps the librarian or the user to maintain the daily activities in the systematic order. It reduces the risk of paper work that includes loss of file, damage of file, consuming of time, difficult to search the required data etc. But by the implementation of library management system the user would be able to manage the record more efficiently and time –saving. 3.2. Problem Statement As the Himalayan library is using the manual system for the management of every task in the library, they are facing various issues. So to solve those issues they have planned to implement the computerized system for the day to day management of their task. Some of the Problem they have been facing are: 3.2.1. File Lost: As a lack of computerized system there is a high chance for the file to be lost. It may be due to sometimes the librarian forget to keep the file to the original place due to lot of member queue for borrowing the book or sometimes he might forget the original place. 3.2.2. File Damage: The other problem is the damaged of the file. This might be because of some accident like the librarian hitting the cup of tea on the paper. This might cause due to other potential aspects like animals. Rat or some insects may damage the file/records. 3.2.3. Difficult to search Record: It becomes very difficult to search for the specific record in very less time. A lot of manual task has to be done to search for the user record while lending the book. 3.2.4. Space Consuming: As the day passes the records of the libray are getting more and more. And practically it becomes difficult to manage and keep those record safe. Hence, managing the physical records become space consuming. 3.2.5. Difficult to view Reports: Reports to be created in the manual system is too time consuming. It requires the librarian to go through various files in order to produce one report. 3.3. Objective of the Proposed System 3.3.1. Improvement in control and performance The Himalayan Library management system is developed to overcome the various problem that the library has been facing. The system must be capable of validating the user, storing record and generating reports. 3.3.2. Cost Saving As before the Himalayan library has been hiring about 5 employee, but after implementation of the Library management system the library could be handle with 2members saving the cost of 3 other employee. Beside that it saves the cost of lots of paper. 3.3.3. Save time Librarian is able to search for the books or generate various reports within the certain clicks, compared to the manual system it saves a lot of time. 3.3.4. Security As all the information are saved in the centralized machine and are being backed up regularly, there is a minimum chance of the data being lost. 3.4. Requirement Software Requirement .NET framework 4 or higher SQL Server 2008 or higher Windows OS 7 /8/8.1 Hardware Requirement for Smooth Running Processor- 1.5 GHz Ram- 2 GB For synchronization between computer LAN connection is required 3.5. Fact Finding Techniques On-site Observation As a junior system analyst, it was the responsibility to check the functioning of library. So, on the visit to the library for two days we observed librarian issuing and returning books as well as other functioning of the library. We also inspected the place where the cards are stored and from that it was seen that it was a real mess. To see if a particular book is already issued, it is a difficult and effort intensive process. The analyst also saw the records for books, members, and accounts. From site visit we had a good understanding of the functioning of the system. After this, we performed some personal interviews of library staff and few members. The interview is show below. Interview Beside the on-site observation interview with some selected stake holders were performed as the part of the requirement gathering. In this process we conducted structured interview with administrator, 2 librarian and some users about their expectation of the library management system. Task 4 Use appropriate systems analysis tools and techniques to carry ot a system investigation. You can consider the following tools: Use case Diagram Context Diagram 0 and 1 Level DFD diagram 4.1. Use Case Diagram Figure 1: Use Case Diagram of Library Management System 4.2. Context Diagram Figure 2: Context Diagram of the Library Management System 4.3. Data Flow Diagram Figure 3: Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System Figure 4: Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System Nikesh Adhikari | 1

How do the directors Trevor Nunn and Roman Polanski present Macbeth to their audiences? Essay

How do the directors Trevor Nunn and Roman Polanski present Act I scenes I to IV of Macbeth to their audiences? In your work you must make reference to the techniques used by each director to create atmosphere and a sense of good and evil. You should pay special attention to the portrayal by each director of the character of the witches, Macbeth and Duncan. In this essay I am going to explore the different representations of the Shakespeare play Macbeth by directors Trevor Nunn and Roman Polanski. The scenes I will focus on are act I scenes I until act I scene 4. In these scenes I will pay specific attention to the Witches, Macbeth and King Duncan to show how the good and evil atmosphere in the play affected the events that befall. The witches are going to play a strong part in my essay because I believe that the supernatural is a major part of the play’s concept. The witches have a profound affect on Macbeth and so the plot is greatly governed by their actions. The atmosphere they produce has a great affect on the audience The atmosphere is important because it gives the audience strong first impressions of what the play in trying to show. The portrayal of good and evil interlink with the atmosphere and are important in showing how Macbeth starts off with noble thoughts and is brought to corruption by the three witches. I will start off by looking at how Trevor Nunn expressed his interpretation of the Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Trevor Nunn makes the play into a stage performance. The whole play is summed up with Trevor Nunn’s comment: ‘I want to photograph the text’ In my opinion I think this is just what he did. The sound effects were made openly by the actors and there are no scenic effects, just groupings and close-ups in coloured light. This gave the play the perfect setting for the atmosphere that Shakespeare was trying to portray, he wanted a strong feeling of uneasiness and the supernatural, and the close set gave just this. After the play is introduced the 12 actors in the cast appear to be sat in a circle. A bright light behind illuminates each character so that each of the actors’ faces appear to be light or dark or in some cases only half in shadow. Trevor Nunn used this opening as a way to give the audience a quick insight into which of the characters has an evil side and which are good. The scenes were performed in the centre of the circle while members of the cast who were not involved with the scene watched from outside. This works well because of the positioning of the lights; they illuminate the participating actors only and the light does not shine on the other members of the cast. The lighting arrangement on the stage allows the cast to appear to vanish. An example of this technique is after the witches have meet Macbeth: they appear to disappear in to thin air when in fact they have just stepped out of the light. The play involves many close-ups and extreme close-up shots. This is because there is no scenery in the background, unlike Polanski’s version, so the cameras pay specific detail to facial features and body movement. The camera often shows a group of people before zooming in on the face of a particular character so as to show the circumstance s/he is in. This helps develop the plot and give more depth to the different characters and their personalities. The costume in the play is very important in expressing good and evil. The costumes are mainly black and white because of this; white being associated with pureness and black being associated with evil. The white of King Duncan’s costume resembles purity and holiness while the green/black costumes of the witches resemble flagitiousness and the unnatural. During Act 1 Scene 4, Macbeth and Banquo help King Duncan to his throne where the Royal Crown is placed upon his head. The Crown is a very important stage prop because it reminds everyone that King Duncan is a powerful character. It is very important to the plot because it is Macbeth and Banquo who support the crown and Macbeth kills both Banquo and Duncan to get to it. King Duncan also possesses a crucifix which he wears around his neck. Although he appears to be holy, the crucifix shows the audience that his faith in God. However, there is also a possibility that Duncan wears the crucifix because he fears the supernatural and he believes that the crucifix will protect him. At the beginning of the play we see that Macbeth is wearing a black costume. This means that the audience does not know whether he is noble or corrupt and this adds suspense to the atmosphere. I think that the use of this co-ordination is very good because it allows the audience to use the colour sense for good and evil to aid in their understanding of the plot. The atmosphere is very important in the play. It keeps the audience interested and adds an extra depth to the plot. The stage set creates a feeling of claustrophobia that adds to the evil and unnatural. When they are accompanied by the fact that the cast are wearing monochrome costume and the black, featureless background the atmosphere is very strong and mystical. The atmosphere with the witches is especially powerful. The witches speak using rhyming couplets and to a different rhythm to the rest of the play. There is a chorus in which they all join in: ‘Double, double, toil and trouble: Fire, burn and cauldron, bubble’ Act 4 Scene 1 The alliteration with the repeated ‘d’ and ‘b’ sounds make the chant sound very powerful and is very catchy. The supernatural aspect in Shakespeare’s Macbeth is very important and Trevor Nunn has captured it very well. By using the stage techniques previously explored, he captured the battle of good and evil between the witches and King Duncan. At the beginning of the play, we hear the witches scream of chaos against Duncan’s words of prayer. This strong image of good versus evil and the strong supernatural actions of the witches gives the play a powerful start. The lighting position he uses allows the witches to suddenly vanish giving a strong supernatural effect. Later in the play, Lady Macbeth calls on the supernatural through the earth (this has strong connotations with the Devil’s presence in the Earth) using methods that would have been thought suspicious in Shakespeare’s time. In Trevor Nunn’s version of Macbeth, Macbeth appears to be young, valiant and noble. However as the play progresses we are able to see the changes occur in him. This change is much more apparent because of the fact that Macbeth starts off so innocent – we are able to see the change more clearly. Banquo appears to be older than Macbeth, a veteran maybe, who shows little fear and appears at the start of the play to be a noble man. He is dressed in slightly less dark clothing which inter-links with the evil/good dress code. Roman Polanski’s version is a very different interpretation of Macbeth. The most noticeable difference is that he has presented his rendering as a motion picture. More colour and music is used to aid the portrayal of the plot to the audience and there is much more background detail. The film shows a lot of strong images, for example, the witches on the beach at the prelude of the play. The ability to edit scenes using computers and the possibility of picture enhancing allows a much more realistic play that the people of today can deal with more easily. The realism of the film helps the audience understand the plot using visuals, which are much more effective in assisting cognition. The play starts off with the credits appearing with battle sounds playing. The camera appears to be moving towards the battle scene but it never gets there. The first scene is the battlefield, littered with bodies and burning remains of chariots, soldiers are roaming around salvaging what they can. When the witches appear on a deserted beach, they perform a ritual involving blood, spit and a severed hand. They bury them in the sand and perform their opening lines from Act 1 Scene 1. Roman Polanski uses many effects that can only be used in a motion picture. The use of mid shots and long shots are possible because Polanski’s Macbeth has a very detailed background. The different screen shots are combined using wipes and fades that can only be used in films. Polanski has used special effects to emphasis the circumstance, for example, music or sounds of the event like marching and battle sounds. Zoom is often used to show up more detail in the background or foreground. For example, in the background the zoom is used to give the effects of expanse on the beech and of the countryside. In the foreground the zoom can focus on different relevant facial features such as eye shifting. Extreme close-up shots a give very good aspect view of important actions that are too difficult for the audience to spot from mid or long shots. The camera angle varies throughout to make the most of different views, this helps maximise the impact of the film on the audience. The atmosphere in this version is not as intense as in the Trevor Nunn version. This is partially due to the expanse in which the scenes are set and very little of the claustrophobia that is entrapped in the Nunn version exists in this environment. The special effects that have been utilised by Polanski enhance the effect of the atmosphere. Though the same text is used, visual detail like different backgrounds helps stimulate the eyes as well as the ears. Also, the sound affects used by Polanski are much more intricate than Nunn’s because he has used computer effects for the battle sounds. The music he uses adds depth to the actions the cast are performing and plays a major part in boosting the strength of the atmosphere. The lighting does not play as large a part as in Trevor Nunn’s Macbeth. However, the different angles at different times of day hitting the surrounds can cause effects that are very clever. For example, near the beginning of the film the witches are on the beach and when they depart, the light reflecting off the water makes it appear as if they are walking on water (The supernatural affect of this would have been good). From what I can tell, no artificial light is used, unlike in Trevor Nunn’s where artificial light is all that is used. The costume in Polanski’s version is very extensive. Each individual character has their own dress colours; they appear to wear what they want. The Knights wear armour and the women wear colourful dresses, the men wear trousers and boots and the children wear similar smaller versions. The witches had to be portrayed as dilapidated so their clothes are ragged and shabby. One of the witches wears a mask and make-up to make her appear more of a reject of society, a freak. Modern audiences need special effects like this to keep them interested in the film. Macbeth and Banquo appear younger in this version. Macbeth appears to be a valiant young man who has now proved himself in battle while Banquo fights beside him having already proven his valour. After having analysed both productions, I believe that they are both very strong interpretations of Macbeth. I found that Polanski’s version was more easily understandable because there were many things providing the outline of the plot both orally and visually. However, Nunn’s was more moving because he captured the atmosphere that I think Shakespeare wanted to encapsulate when he wrote the play. I think that Nunn expressed his interpretation very strongly. His statement about wanting to photograph the text was defiantly what he set out to do and what I think he achieved. Roman Polanski swapped a couple of the scenes around to try and help the audience understand more easily. However, Trevor Nunn kept to the text indefinitely. This is backed up by the fact that he stated he wanted to ‘photograph the text’. I think that they both portrayed Macbeth as I had imagined he would have been. He appears to start of a picture of heroics, which gradually changes for the worse. They are both young and have proven their honour in battle. The theme of good and evil was very well portrayed in Trevor Nunn’s version. The witches created more of an atmosphere than in Polanski’s and the lighting worked very well in helping the witches appear as if they were disappearing. However, Polanski did a very good job of creating an evil atmosphere using a motion picture. He was able to use computers and colour more vividly.

A play that was written by Arthur Miller in the 1950s Essay

† The Crucible† is a play that was written by Arthur Miller in the 1950s. The play was originally produced in 1953 at a time where McCarthyism was at its peak. This was a time of American paranoia when Americans believed that the Russians were planning start a war with them. The Americans accused members of the society of been a communist spy for the most trivial reasons. It was a situation of hysteria. This was very similar to the situation in Salem two hundred years earlier. The people of Salem would believe anyone to be a witch even if they had very little or no evidence. Salem was governed by theocracy this meant the church ran the local government, therefore they had orthodox religious beliefs. Arthur Miller compares these two situations to show that we all should learn from past mistakes. The past events in Salem contributed to the situation in 1950s America, this shows Causation. The title reflects the play because a crucible is a container used to expose its contents to very high temperatures, this can cause impurities to rise to the surface, it’s metaphoric meaning is a place of severe test or trial. In the play eighteenth century Salem becomes a Crucible, Judge Danforth creates a situation in which he is trying to force the supposed witches to the surface and purify Salem. Miller uses dramatic techniques to maintain the audiences’ interest the message that Miller conveys is to learn from your mistakes and not to jump to conclusions. Abigail changes the way she acts when interrogated by Hale. Abigail has previously been perceived as a dynamic and powerful individual however when Rev. Hale questions her she comes across as very desperate and paranoid. This is shown when Abigail says, â€Å"I am a good girl, a proper girl†. She attempts to make herself out to be a model Puritan, Parris and Hale are manipulated but the audience knows that Abigail is no telling the truth, this is dramatic irony. The playwright Arthur Miller presents Abigail to be extremely deceptive and two-faced, as he wants the audience to dislike her. This is shown when Abigail notices an opportunity to blame Tituba for the unchristian and unlawful activities that she has committed. For instance Abigail blames Tituba for making her laugh in the middle of prayer and for waking her in the night and Abi finds herself naked. Miller does this to give an insight of the sin Tituba is not given the chance to object or justify Abigail’s accusations. An example of this is â€Å"Mister Reverend, I never. † And Hale interrupts her by saying â€Å"Tituba I want you to wake this child. † Reverend Hale is not interested in Tituba’s defence but her satanic influence. This shows that Hale does not pity Tituba he hears that which he wishes to hear. This reveals that the citizens of Salem will believe what they are told, they follow the majority. When Tituba enters the room Abigail immediately puts the blame on her. This shows that Abigail was under a lot of pressure, so much so that she transferred the blame onto the first person that entered the room. Tituba was not expecting Abigail to blame her. She shows this when the stage directions are â€Å"shocked and angry† Tituba previously considered Abi to be a loyal and honest person. Tituba has misinterpreted Abigail’s character. Miller increases the tension as the audience sympathises with the slave since her English is bad and she is been tricked into admitting something she has not done. When Abigail mentions the word â€Å"blood†, Parris Mrs Putnam and Tituba all repeat it. This reveals that the incident that took place in the forest was not as innocent as was first thought. It shows that in fact it was a lot more sinister. The repetition of this key work creates tension since repetition creates a sense of hysteria. Miller reveals this information to increase the audience’s interest. The characters that repeat the word â€Å"blood† are insecure and gullible.